Mental Contrasting and Problem-Solving in Romantic Relationships

Abstract

Mental contrasting, a self-regulation strategy, promotes behavior change. We hypothesized that mental contrasting enhances problem-solving in romantic couples, and we explored whether this effect depends on the perceived importance and solvability of the problem. In Experiment 1 (N = 274), among individuals in predominantly satisfied relationships, mental contrasting (vs. indulging) improved the perceived resolution of solvable problems—except for problems of highest importance, which we found to be more severe. In Experiment 2 (N = 270), among individuals in less satisfied relationships, mental contrasting (vs. indulging and a concentration task) increased mental engagement with more severe problems. In Experiment 3 (N = 105 couples), when both partners in predominantly satisfied relationships participated, mental contrasting (vs. indulging) improved the perceived problem resolution for problems of highest importance. Additionally, mental contrasting increased men’s self-disclosure, promoted acceptance in response to self-disclosure, and made women more selective in suggesting solutions. Overall, when used individually, mental contrasting fosters resolution of relatively solvable, less severe problems within 2 weeks. For the most important, often more severe problems, mental contrasting elicits mental engagement, indicating a commitment to resolve the problem. When used by both partners, mental contrasting fosters resolution of even the most important problems and facilitates openness between partners. Mental contrasting could be a valuable tool in relationship interventions and prevention programs for individuals and couples.