Identification and localization of putative SPM3 associated proteins in Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes

Abstract

Malaria is a tropical disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, with the most severe form resulting from Plasmodium falciparum. This species produces uniquely crescent-shaped gametocytes that are essential for transmission to mosquitoes, though the mechanisms behind their formation are not well understood.

Gametocyte shape and development are driven by structural components—the inner membrane complex (IMC) and subpellicular microtubules (SPMTs). A protein called PfSPM3 has been identified as a key factor, potentially linking these two structures.

Using a BioID approach, researchers identified 133 candidate proteins, with 26 likely interacting with PfSPM3. Localization studies revealed distinct groups of proteins associated with microtubules, their tips, or suture-like structures in gametocytes. One protein showed dual localization patterns, while disruption of another caused abnormal gametocyte development, highlighting its importance in maintaining cell structure.

Overall, the study maps protein localization during gametocyte development and identifies new components involved in this process, providing insights that could help develop strategies to block malaria transmission.